作为意志与表象的世界第二卷THEWORLDASWILLANDIDEAVOL.II/最经典英语文库
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内容简介
1818年，叔本华完成了《作为意志和表象的世界》的第一版。这部不朽之作分为四部分，并附有一篇对康德哲学的批判。1844年，《作为意志和表象的世界》的第二卷与第一卷一起出版，在第二卷里，叔本华用成熟的思考分别对其第一卷里的论题做了澄清和扩充。《作为意志和表象的世界》的基本论点即：世界分为表象和意志两个部分，一切表象的存在都是意志的客体化。所有理性、知识都从属于意志。叔本华自认为是康德哲学的改造者。康德认为我们有一个可以感觉，可以认识的世界，还有一个独立于我们所有的知觉之外而自在的世界，即物自体世界。叔本华把物自体看作是能够被直接认识的，物自体就是意志。这里使用的“意志”一词必须从广义上来理解。
作者简介
Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788-21 September 1860)，was a German philosopher best known for his book, The World as Will and Idea (German: Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), in which he claimed that our world is driven by a continually dissatisfied will, continually seeking satisfaction. Independently arriving at many of the same conclusions of Eastern philosophy, he maintained that the “truth was recognized by the sages of India”; consequently, his solutions to suffering were similar to those of Vedantic and Buddhist thinkers (e.g., asceticism). The influence of “transcendental ideality” led him to choose atheism.
At age 25, he published his doctoral dissertation,
On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, which examined the four distinct aspects of experience in the phenomenal world; consequently, he has been influential in the history of phenomenology. He has influenced many thinkers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Wagner, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Erwin Schr?dinger, Albert Einstein, Sigmund Freud, Otto Rank, Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, Leo Tolstoy, Thomas Mann, and Jorge Luis Borges, among others.
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